In addition, formatting of abstracts and title pages must be as per the APA manual of style. Level 1 states how a research paper must be organized by including a title page, an abstract, an introduction, the methodology, the results, a discussion, and references. Ī typical APA-style research paper fulfills 3 levels of specification. The guidelines for reducing bias in language have been updated over the years and presently provide practical guidance for writing about age, disability, gender, participation in research, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality (APA, 2020, Chapter 5). Particularly influential were the "Guidelines for Nonsexist Language in APA Journals," first published as a modification to the 1974 edition, which provided practical alternatives to sexist language then in common usage. Primarily known for the simplicity of its reference citation style, the Manual also established standards for language use that had far-reaching effects. The initial edition went through two revisions: one in 1957, and one in 1967. The first edition of the APA Publication Manual was published in 1952 as a 61-page supplement to the Psychological Bulletin, marking the beginning of a recognized "APA style". In 1944, a 32-page guide appeared as an article in the same journal. In 1929, an APA committee had a seven-page writer's guide published in the Psychological Bulletin. The APA became involved in journal publishing in 1923. The current edition is its seventh revision. APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of other scientific journals (including medical and other public health journals), in many textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). The guidelines were developed to aid reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences, for clarity of communication, and for "word choice that best reduces bias in language". It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences. APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books.
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